The American Shoe System: Why are shoes sized differently for men and women?

Americans start their sizing system at 1 (unlike theentirely speculative (unlike the women’s clothing
Europeans who begin at zero) and use a formula toindustry where thanks to the undying popularity of
arrive at sizes for men’s, women’s andvintage clothing we can conclusively prove that a size
children’s shoes.  The heel-to-toe length of the7 today is the equivalent of a size 12 a few decades
foot (in inches) is multiplied by 3 and then a constantago).  It seems unlikely that Edwin B. Simpson, the
is subtracted from the product.  This constant isman who first introduced a standardized shoe
different for men, women and children.  system to the United States, had vanity in mind. 
The FormulaSimpson came up with the system (which we
For Men:        3 x length of foot – 22 =more or less still use today) after a need for
shoe sizeuniform shoes arose during the Civil War.  Left and
For Women:     3 x length of foot – 21 (orright shoes were mass-produced for the first time
sometimes 20.5 or 20) = shoe sizeduring the War, and each soldier was assigned a
For Children:    3 x length of foot – 9.75 (or“shoe size”.  In Simpson’s system, a
sometimes 9.67) = shoe sizedifference of one shoe size correlates to 1/3 of an
Obviously, it is the constant that is responsible forinch (half sizes are 1/6 of an inch apart), which still
the discrepancy between male and female shoe sizes.holds true today.  But that still doesn’t explain
(Dare I ask why we even need a constant in thewhy women and men were assigned different
first place?). Eduardo Kausel, a professor at MITconstants.
writes in his essay “Units, Schmunits: What DoThe problem (like most problems regarding standard
You Care?”: “...for reasons now lost tounits of measure) is uniquely American.  Britain and
history, there exist different sizes for men, women,Continental Europe both elect to keep male and
and children, although the latter do use the samefemale shoe sizes the same.  Since the UK
number for any given size, whether boy or girl.¨ eventually adopted Simpson’s system it seems
Looks like we may have to accept just not knowing.unlikely that the discrepancy originated with Simpson
There is, of course the vanity sizing argument. himself.  Some other founding father of American
Women want their feet to seem smaller than theyshoes must have made the call.
actually are, while men want big feet.  But this is